Editorial
May 28, 2021
Medical Devices And Its Uses
Not applicable
Case Report
May 25, 2021
A case reporting the Treatment Outcome of Late Presentation Hodgkin’s Lymphoma with Poor Prognostic ... c Indices.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is a postgerminal center lymphoma of B cell origin. It is a potentially curable disease. The outcome of care depends on a number of prognostic indices. We report the treatment outcome of a latepresenting Hodgkin’s lymphoma with poor prognostic indices. We report a case of a 21-year-old male, who presented with a bulky neck mass of 7-year duration. The mass measures 33 × 19 cm in its widest diameter. He had a biopsy of the mass for histological examination. Histology of the mass revealed HL positive for CD 15 and CD 30 on immunohistochemistry. He received six cycles of adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) with good clinical response. Hodgkin’s lymphoma remains a chemosensitive lymphoma despite patient late presentation and adverse prognostic factors.
Review Article
Apr 27, 2021
A good comprehensive review of the Risk Assessment of Venous Thromboembolism Among Cancer Patients i ... n Nigeria Using the Modified Khorana Risk Scoring System.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a fatal complication in patients with active cancer. VTE is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The risk of VTE is usually precipitated by a combination of factors that includes surgery, trauma, hospitalization, cancer with or without chemotherapy, and also the use of central nervous catheters. A risk assessment model such as the modified Khorana risk score is needed to select ambulatory cancer patients for thromboprophylaxis. This study aims to provide a concise review of the use of the Khorana scoring system in the evaluation of the risk of VTE among cancer patients. A comprehensive literature search was done using search engines linked to academic databases including Google Scholar, Pubmed, Ebsco, Hinari, Scopus, etc. Studies involving venous thromboembolism in cancer patients were thoroughly studied. Only papers with risk of cancer-associated thrombosis and articles on Khorana risk scoring system were used. VTE is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among cancer patients due to the hypercoagulability and prothrombotic state of cancer. There is a paucity of information on the risk assessment of VTE in cancer patients using the Khorana scoring system in our environment. More advocacy of the use of the Khorana scoring system for the assessment of VTE among cancer patients should be encouraged to mitigate the increasing morbidity and mortality associated with cancer patients in Nigeria.
Review Article
Mar 22, 2021
A case reporting of the Herbal Prescription for COVID-19.
The clinical studies from China have proved that the use of herbal medicine has played a significant role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. This article aims to introduce the six most effective herbal prescriptions in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treating the coronavirus (COVID-19). Each formula has been described in detail including the name, source, indication, ingredients (Chinese Pinyin, English and Latin names), usage and discussion, etc. The first chief formula introduced in this article is the most popular prescription published by The National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China on 3/3 2020 for the treatment and prevention of coronavirus infection and pneumonia; and subsequent formulas are the modified classical herbal prescriptions and my experienced herbal formula I often use in the UK.
Research Article
Feb 26, 2021
A research study describing Histopathological Effects of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) Essential ... Oil on Late Third Instar Larvae of Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae).
The essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus is generally used against mosquitoes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal and histological effects of C. citratus essential oil against Aedes aegypti larvae. Third larval stages were exposed at 0.2 to 1 μl/ml doses, and mortality was recorded at 4, 12, and 24 h. The histopathological study was assessed for the control and treated larvae at 4, 12, and 24 h using light and electronic microscopies. The results show that larval mortalities were 19.4 ± 2.3%, 43.2 ± 3.7%, 70.3 ± 2.6%, 92 ± 4.5%, and 100 ± 0.0% for respectively 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 μl/ml doses 24 h after treatment compared to the control (01.4 ± 0.0%). Histological studies with light microscope revealed disruption of the cellular structures of midgut, damaged of apical surface toward the gut lumen, disorganization of muscle and fat body compared to the control. Electron microscopy revealed that the product acts by destroying intestinal microvilli, with cytoplasm being highly vacuolated. The sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and genetic material were also disorganized. At the same time, the muscular tissue was progressively disorganized, and the actin and myosin filaments were transformed into vacuoles. Thus, as a biological product, preparation-derived extract of Cymbopogon citratus could be used as an effective botanical larvicide in mosquito control such as Aedes aegypti, Anopheles, and Culex species.
Editorial
Feb 26, 2021
An editor's note on the Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistant Pattern of Microbes Isolated from Local ... Herbal Product (Agbo) Sold at Oja-Bisi In Ado-Ekiti.
In most rural and urban settlements, particularly in Nigeria, wells, spring, streams or rivers and lakes serves as major sources of water supply for drinking and other domestic purposes. Unfortunately, many of the available water sources are not potable without some form of treatment which is seldom available in most settings. The use of untreated surface water sources for drinking and for domestic purposes remains a major threat to public health as these could serve as reservoirs the for transfer of antibiotic resistant pathogens. The incidence of resistant bacteria isolated from surface and underground water in six rural settlements in Ekiti State Nigeria was thus investigated. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from wells, streams and boreholes in six rural settlements in Ekiti State Nigeria between January and April, 2006 and the prevalence of organisms exhibiting multiple antibiotic resistance to tetracycline, amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole, nitofurantoin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and ofloxacin was observed. Gram-negative bacterial isolates comprised Escherichia coli (22.7%), Enterobacter aerogenes (2.5%), Salmonella spp. (13.3%), Shigella spp. (19.3%), Proteus spp. (18.5%), Klebsiella spp. (19.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.2%). Over 10% of the bacteria were resistant to four or more antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance was highest in members of the genera Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Proteus.
Editorial
Feb 26, 2021
An editor's note on the Vitamins Deficiency and Epigenetic Changes of Genes Involved in the Alzheime ... r's Disease.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neurodegenerative impairment of the central nervous system and is the most prevalent form of dementia. Considering the influence of maternal nutrition on fetal programming, which consequences usually come later in life, we investigated whether maternal vitamin B deficiency during early development alters the offspring expression of genes related to AD etiopathogenesis.
Editorial
Feb 26, 2021
Editor's note on the Prosthetic Treatment in Oral Candidiasis.
Oral candidiasis is known as an infection that not only causes various oral symptoms but also affects the entire body. Since salivary flow is involved, we investigated whether the improvement of salivary flow by denture treatment could counteract the symptoms of oral candidiasis.
Editorial
Feb 26, 2021
Editor's note on the Next Generation DNA Sequencing Technologies.
Next generation sequencing (NGS), massively parallel or deep sequencing are related terms that describe a DNA sequencing technology which has revolutionized genomic research. In contrast, the previous Sanger sequencing technology, used to decipher the human genome, required over a decade to deliver the final draft. Although in genome research NGS has mostly superseded conventional Sanger sequencing, it has not yet translated into routine clinical practice. The aim of this article is to review the potential applications of NGS in paediatrics.
Editorial
Feb 26, 2021
An editor's note on the Auto-Compliance Method and Fast Medical Care's Influence on the Poor Adheren ... ce in Diabetics attended in the Basic Health Unit.
To evaluate the factors that influences the adherence in diabetics and correlate with the low and high Morisky Green Test (MGT) scores. Subjects and methods: A total of 301 type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients aged 18 to 90 years using insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents were evaluated with instruments MGT, MedTaKe test (MT), Pharmacotherapy Complexity Index (CPI), Complication of Diabetes Index (CDI) and Auto-Compliance Test (ACT). The patients were divided into two groups: adherent diabetics with scores >80 in MGT and non-adherent diabetics with scores ≤ 80 in MGT, and their differences were compared with the student T-test and odds ratio with their respective confidence intervals.
Research Article
Feb 26, 2021
A research analysis concerning Acanthamoeba keratitis during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This article presents an overview of information regarding Acanthamoeba keratitis per epidemiology, host-pathogen interactions, clinical manifestations, risk factors, environmental implications, diagnosis, treatment and management as well as COVID-19 characteristics which may be taken into cognizance for suspected infected patients, researchers and ophthalmologic practitioners. Acanthamoeba spp. is pathogenetically ubiquitous in nature. Acanthamoeba keratitis is considerably an ocular-threatening and debilitating keratitis that exhibits contumacious characteristics which hinder or impede treatment or management. At inception, Acanthamoeba generally depicts atypical clinical features which are frequently misdiagnosed as other microbial keratitis. Fundamentally, it constitutes a rare corneal infection of which the aetiologic agent is the protozoon Acanthamoeba spp. in contact lens wearers, presenting features of severe ophthalmic distress, blurred vision, blepharospasm, ocular excoriation, extraneous entity sensation and photophobia culminating in aberrant visual functionality. These are perspicuously due to retarded prompt and adequate treatment and management. Personal and environmental hygiene, especially on the hands, face and ocular areas as advised for the COVID-19 protocol could prevent contamination and dissemination of Acanthamoeba keratitis infection. The differentiating relatedness of Acanthamoeba keratitis, COVID-19 ophthalmologic infections and other ocular problems may not have been clearly elucidated.
Research Article
Nov 23, 2020
Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Hyoscyamine Fraction of Daturastramonium Seeds on Physical Growth ... Indices and Bodyweight in Wistar Rat Pups (Rattusnorvegicus)
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of prenatal exposure to hyoscyamine fraction of Daturastramonium (D. stramonium) seeds on physical growth indices and body weight in Wistar rat pups. Fresh seeds of D. stramonium were procured, identified, macerated and fractionated. Eight (8) Wistar rats weighed 150-250 grams comprised of equal gender were used for the study. The rats were mated and divided into control and treated groups. Equivalent body weight of normal saline and 200 mg/ kgbwt of hyoscyamine fraction were orally administered to them respectively on gestational days (GD) 15-20. The litters obtained were observed for gross physical malformation and growth indices (i.e. ear-detachment, hair-growth, eye-opening and teeth-eruption). The animals each group were weighed weekly from neonate to adulthood (PND 8-84). The data obtained were expressed as mean ± SEM. Pearson’s chi-square test of association and General Linear Model (GLM) repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Fisher’s multiple comparisons post-hoc tests were used to show the mean differences using Minitab 17 (LLC., U.K.) statistical package software. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. There was no association between prenatal exposure to hyoscyamine fraction of Daturastramonium seeds and physical growth indices (p>0.05). However, a statistically significant decrease in the postnatal weight gain was observed (p<0.05) between the groups. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to hyoscyamine fraction does not affect physical growth indices it, however, decreased postnatal body weight gain in Wistar rat pups.
Research Article
Nov 23, 2020
Assessment and Perception of Infection Control Practices of Dental Health Care Providers Working i ... n Tertiary Care Hospital Settings
Background/objectives: The current study was undertaken to examine the current status of dental hygiene practices of DHCWs in public sector tertiary care facilities and to generate information helpful for the implementers to improve infection control practices in healthcare facilities. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in NID (Nishter Institute of Dentistry) and MMDC (Multan Medical and Dental College) in Multan to assess the infection control practices of Dental Health care providers. DHCW were interviewed randomly to assess the infection control practices they followed. Results: The perception pattern of the participating healthcare professional. More than 92% of the doctors agreed to the fact that personal protective equipment act as a barrier against infections. Majority of doctors (97.6%) agreed that dental hospital can be a source of transmission of HBV, HCV, TB and HIV. Most of the doctors agreed that special precautionary measures such as double gloves, masks, special gowns and double sterilized instruments should be taken while treating HBV, HCV and HIV patients. Conclusion: Infection control practices, majority of the dentists used PPEs such as gloves and facial masks. There is a need for more training programs and continuous surveillance audits for the proper utilization of equipment.
Research Article
Oct 19, 2020
Prevalence of Chronic Low Back Pain Due to Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia among the Hous ... ewives in Faisalabad District
Background/Objectives: Back pain is one of the most frequent diseases complained by female population, a common reason for physician visits and a major psychological, physical and economic burden. Low back pain is a serious public health issue and 80% of adults experience a minimum of one episode of back pain throughout their lives. But it is more common in housewives who undergo through cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of chronic low back pain among housewives having cesarean section under spinal anesthesia in Faisalabad district. Material and methods: Study population was comprised of 100 housewives of ages 20-50 having low back pain in mother care centers of private hospitals of Faisalabad district. Population was chosen through convenient sampling. Data collection tools were a modified questionnaire and VAS scale. Collected data was analyzed through SPSS software version 17.0. Prevalence was measured by descriptive statistics. Results: 78% housewives had low back pain after cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. 21.8% had mild pain, 44.9% had moderate pain and 33.3% reported severe pain. Conclusion: Majority of the housewives complained of low back pain after cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
Research Article
Jul 31, 2020
Effect of Pijusaballi Rasa on Thyroid Hormones in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Pijusaballi Rasa (PJB) is an Ayurvedic preparation used as a traditional medicine in the treatment of constipation in the rural population in Bangladesh. In this study, the effect of PJB on thyroid hormone profile was evaluated after chronic administration of this drug to male Sprague-Dawley rats. The acute pharmacological test of PJB recorded no death or any signs of toxicity even at the highest dose of 4000 mg/kg body weight. For chronic pharmacological evaluation, the animals were divided into two groups. The first group was given PJB preparation at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight for 28 days while the second group that served as the control received water for the same period. After 28 days of chronic administration of the PJB preparation, the following effects on the thyroid hormone panel were noted. There was a statistically insignificant (p = 0.523; 5.20%) decrease in the serum-circulating total thyroxine (tT4) level of the male rats. There was a statistically insignificant (p = 0.667; 3.35%) decrease in the serum-circulating total triiodothyronine (tT3) level of the male rats. There was a statistically insignificant (p = 0.551; 4.40%) decrease in the serum-circulating free thyroxine (fT4) level of the male rats. There was a statistically highly significant (p = 0.003; 16.36%) increase in the serum-circulating free triiodothyronine (fT3) level of the male rats. There was a statistically insignificant (p = 0.691; 51.03%) increase in the serum-circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level of the male rats. Ratios of other hormone levels with respect to fT3 level showed a more deviating trend.
