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Research Article
Sep 28, 2018
Effect of Multi-Ownership on Pond Aquaculture Production in Bhola District, Bangladesh
The study was carried out to appraise the effect of multi-ownership on management system and present situation of pond aquaculture in Bhola district, Bangladesh. Data were collected by personal questionnaire interview from randomly selected 200 farmers at four Upazilas of Bhola district. Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools were applied for verification of the collected data. A total number of 32,877 ponds with an area of 8,061 acre were found in the study area. Both multi-ownership (72.5%) and single ownership (27.5%) were observed in management approach of the ponds. 57.3%, 26.52% and 16.18% of the ponds were cultured, cultural and derelict respectively in the study area. Among the cultured ponds, most of the ponds (90%) were used for poly culture, 8% for mono culture and only 2% ponds were for fish seed nursing purposes. Extensive (60%), improved traditional (25%) and semiintensive (15%) management practices were found in the study area. The study also revealed that farmers use both organic and inorganic fertilizers with an average dose of 850 Kg/acre and 44 Kg/acre respectively for single owner ponds and 560 Kg/acre and 24 kg/acre for multi-owner ponds. For fish production farmers found to be applied supplementary feed parallel with fertilizers in their ponds which facilitate annual average fish production as 1,810 kg/ acre. The average total cost of fish production was determined as BDT 49,221/acre/year and BDT 38,850/acre/year for single owner and multi-owner ponds respectively. In the study area highest amount of production cost was spent for feeding purpose 23.07% and 22% in single owner and multi owner ponds respectively. The study also revealed that the average profit of fish production was identified as BDT 54,050/acre/year in multi-owner ponds and BDT 80,229/acre/year in single owner ponds. So multi ownership of ponds has negative effect on the production of pond aquaculture in Bhola District.
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Research Article
Sep 28, 2018
Utilization of Marginal Sand Land for Culture of White Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with Diffe ... rent Stocking Density in Coastal Purworejo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
The research was aimed to determine the production performance of white shrimp on different stocking densities. The experiment was conducted by using 9 ponds and treated with densities of (100, 200 and 300) shrimp m-2 with three replications. Feeding with 30% protein content of 3% biomass day-1 was given 4 times. The collected parameters consisted of water physical-chemical as well as shrimp biological aspects. Parameters such as temperature, transparency, pH, DO and salinity were observed daily, whereas nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and TOM and shrimp biological parameters were observed every 2 weeks. Physical and chemical data were analyzed descriptively, while growth data, survival rate, FCR and production biomass were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The result showed that the growth rate was 0.1138 g day-1 to 0.1655 g day-1, the composition of the length and weight class consisted of small, medium and large. The survival rate was 61.75% -97.99%, the final weight was (9.58-12.93) g shrimp-1, FCR was 1.00-2.00 and biomass production was (14.99-22.37) kg m-2. Stocking densities affected to growth, survival, FCR and biomass production (P<0.05). Growth and survival rate decreased with increasing density, whereas biomass production was significantly different between all treatments. Low density can be applied to white shrimp farming in sand farms using mulch
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Research Article
Aug 29, 2018
Effect of Ice Storage on the Textural and Rheological Properties of Proteins from Freshwater Fish, ... Cyprinus carpio (Common Carp)
The properties of proteins from fresh fish (Cyprinus carpio) meat and its suitability for the preparation of fish sausage have been evaluated during 15 days of ice storage at ratio 1:1 (fish:ice). During this storage, the Total Volatile Base Nitrogen (TVBN), pH, calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, proximate chemical composition, the microbiological and sensorial analysis have been determined. During this storage, the fish flesh has been used for the preparation of sausage using 2.5% NaCl, the Dynamic Viscoelastic Behavior (DVB) and the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) has been evaluated. The DVB of fish meat in the temperature range of 25°C to 90°C using controlled stress rheometer revealed ability to form strong gel network which, was further confirmed by frequency sweep test. The storage modulus G’ decreases from 730 Kpa at 0 day to 212 Kpa at the 15 day of ice storage. The gel strength and texture profile analysis (TPA) of fish sausage prepared from C. carpio revealed elastic properties. Gel strength of the fish mince from ice stored fish reveals a gradually decreasing trend from 668.2 gm.cm at 0 day to 318.70 gm.cm at the end of the 15 day ice storage. Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVBN) increased significantly (P<0.05) during ice storage. However, the myosin heavy chain concentration has been unaltered during the ice storage period. Significant (P<0.05) decreases in protein solubility, and Calcium activated ATPase activity has been observed by the end of storage. The ice storage stability of fish as judged by physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory parameters has been found to be 12 days.
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Research Article
Aug 27, 2018
Food and Feeding Habit of Gonialosa Manmina (Ham.) from the River Yamuna, Allahabad, India
Small indigenous fish species (SIS) have high nutritional value in terms of protein, vitamins and minerals but due to changed hydro-biological conditions and manmade interventions many SIS have become threatened, endangered and need immediate attention for their conservation. Therefore to sustain their fishery it is important to know the food and feeding habits of SIS, which will be helpful for successful management of these fishes. The present study investigated feeding habit and diet composition of Gonialosa manmina (Ham.), a freshwater clupeid by regular monthly collection from the river Yamuna at Allahabad, India. During the study 295 specimens of G. manmina were examined, length range 4.7 cm to 15.3 cm. Studies have shown that this fish having plant food material 85.6% and animal food material 4.7% is strongly herbivores. The dominating food item was green algae (36.5%) followed by diatom (25.4%), BGA (12.8%) and desmids (11.0%). The contribution of crustaceans, insects, protozoan, rotifers are almost negligible. Hence the fish subsisted mainly on green algae and diatoms. The intensity of feeding (GSI) was found to be maximum during January and June and minimum during March and July. The present findings will help in filling the gap in knowledge about the feeding habit of G. manmina which will help in formulating strategies for proper development of their fishery from the system.
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Research Article
Aug 21, 2018
Waste Management for Smoking Salmon By-Products to Extract Omega-3 Fish Oil
The main objective of this research was to investigate the possibility of producing fish oil from smoking salmon waste by using cold pressing and wet rendering methods. The amount and the characteristics of extracted of oil were tested. The samples were used about 33.810 kg, smoked fish caused about 9.610 kg. As a Salmon waste (skin, viscera, backbone frames and cuts off) it's recorded about 20% of the total mass from salmon slices. The results showed the smoking salmon waste have more than 18% of oil fish per one kg of salmon waste. The oil weight from Salmon by-products was increased with pressing time increase as well as oil productivity increased. The oil extraction yield increased and characterization of quality. The optimum conditions at pressing time was 180 min, oil weight was 93 g.oil/500 g. Salmon by-products, oil productivity was 18.00% and extraction efficiency were 98.46% at constant pressure. The oil weight from Salmon by-products was increased with heating time increase as well as oil productivity increased. The oil extraction yield increased with the wet rendering processes at heating time of 60 min have oil weight about 90 g.oil/500 g. Salmon by-products, oil productivity about 18.00% and extraction efficiency was 95.23%. The oil extraction yield increased with the wet rendering processes and characterization of the oil increasing with cold pressing processes.
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Research Article
Aug 14, 2018
Strategic Review on Developing Salmon Aquaculture with Deep Ocean Water: A Case Study of Nan’ao Dee ... eep Ocean Water Park in Yilan County, Taiwan
Currently the utilization of deep ocean water (DOW or deep sea water/DSW) is receiving much attention due to its high added value with large quantity, high productivity and potential for recycling energy. Deep ocean water possesses three main characteristics: low temperature, cleanliness and nutrient richness. In eastern Taiwan, the steep coastal landforms make it a great potential to develop deep ocean water industry. In order to promote DOW related industry, Yilan County government in eastern Taiwan has established DOW Park in Nan'ao Township. Through commercializing the DOW resources and introducing non-governmental investment from the private sectors, the DOW Park aims to promote regional development and upgrade the related industries. In the present study, we investigated the potential market demands, technical conditions and its biological natures of developing salmon aquaculture at Nan'ao DOW Park. It aims to take advantage of the characteristics of DOW to propose industrial strategies on salmon aquaculture with DOW and establish the developmental goals at different times. In general, three stages i.e. short, medium and long-term stages will be analyzed respectively. In the short-term stage, the objective of harvested salmon is to achieve 30,000 mt yr-1 for the domestic market demands in the common size of 1 kg-5 kg fish-1. In the medium and long-term stages, the objectives are focusing on the markets in Japan, China and Southeast Asian countries, aiming to achieve the salmon harvest with 300,000 mt-500,000 mt year-1. The domestic market of the DOW salmon industry is estimated to reach approximately US$ 330 million (NT$ 10 billion) of linking industrial cluster and global value chain. The study may also provide the government an innovative strategy and market orientation towards DOW industry guidance as well an investment consideration for enterprises having an interest in developing DOW related industry.
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Research Article
Jul 31, 2018
Water and Fish Quality of Aquaculture Pond Adjacent to Intensive Pesticides Application Agro-System
Water and fish quality was specified for a private aquaculture pond localized at the north of Egypt during JuneNovember 2017. The main traditional physicochemical parameters of water were evaluated. Moreover, the occurred levels of trace elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticide residues in water and fish of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus) were specified. The levels of total hardness, ammonia as N, sulfide, nitrite and phosphate were violated the water quality guidelines for the fish cultures. Trace metals of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc were detected in all the water and fish tissue samples at remarkably high levels (but still below the maximum permissible levels established by WHO. From 15 PAHs analyzed, naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, fluorene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benzo(a)anthracene and benzo(b)fluoranthene were detected in water at range of 0.05 µg/l and 0.71 µg/l, while phenanthrene, fluorene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene detected in fish muscles at range of 0.18 µg/g-0.72 µg/g fresh wt. Residues of α- and ϒHCHs, endosulfan ɪ, endosulfan ɪɪ, endosulfan sulfate, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, p,p´-DDE, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin and fenvalerate pesticides were detected within the permissible levels in water at the average of 0.12 ng/l-2.04 ng/l. The same compounds were also detected in the fish (except endosulfan sulfate, cyfluthrin and fenvalerate) at ranges of 0.87 ng/l-10.21 ng/g fresh wt. of Tilapia and 0.95 ng/l-8.32 ng/g fresh wt. of Mullet muscles. The potential occurrence of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin and fenvalerate residues might be attributed mainly to its intensive current application on the vegetables and fruits around the fish pond, rather than the persistent organochlorines which still occurred as environmental contaminants from many years ago. The quantified levels of PAHs and pesticide residues in Tilapia and Mullet fish tissues analyzed were below its maximum permissible levels
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Research Article
Jul 24, 2018
Has the Latest Fish Introduction in Lake Naivasha Improved Income of Fishermen? The Economics of Ni ... le Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Lake Naivasha
Data used in this study was collected daily between January 2011 and April 2016 from four fish landing beaches along the shores of Lake Naivasha; Central, Karagita, Kamere and Tarambete beaches. The results revealed that the total landings of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus has been gradually increasing from a 0% in 2011 to 42.7% (206.923 tons) of the total landings between January and April 2016 (422.613 tons) with projections of it surpassing carp by December 2016. These findings corroborate regular field observations which indicate that fishermen are abandoning carp fisheries, opting for Nile tilapia due to its high demand and increased market returns. Between January and April 2016, Nile tilapia had an average price per kg of KShs 147.52 compared to carp’s KShs 122.93. The study therefore concludes that the re-introduction of O. niloticus in 2011 has achieved its main objectives of food security and improving livelihoods since the fish has completely established itself and is now the key driver of Lake Naivasha fishery
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Research Article
Jun 29, 2018
The Role of Functional Feed Additives in Tilapia Nutrition
Aquaculture feeds are formulated with a vast pool of ingredient to meet nutritional requirements of fish for normal physiological functions, including maintaining a highly effective natural immune system, growth, and reproduction. To ensure the dietary nutrients are ingested, digested, absorbed, and transported to the cells, an increasing diversity of non-nutritive feed additives are being used in aquatic feeds. Feed additives are supplemented in small amounts to tilapia for a specific purpose in aquaculture. Feed containing functional feed additives promote the growth and health of tilapia, improve their immune systems, and induce physiological benefits beyond traditional feeds. Probiotics, prebiotics, phytogenic substances, immune-stimulants, enzymes, hormones, mycotoxin binders, organic acids etc., are best functional feed additives to manage and regulate tilapia performance and improve aquaculture profit.
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Research Article
Jun 26, 2018
Extracellular Matrix Components in Bivalvia: Shell and ECM Components in Developmental and Adult Ti ... ssues
The Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a vital trigger of molecular events in development, homeostasis, cell phenotypes, and evolution. Annotated genome databases and their comparative analyses enable the assessment of the most conservative representation of the ECM components among the Metazoa. Bivalves are widely distributed animals present in various ecological niches. They have shells, indirect developmental life cycles, and highly diverse adaptations and habitat reflected by their ECM repertoire. Only recently, researchers began to characterize the conservation among invertebrates and unique species-specific ECM components involved in biomineralization, development, and cell-cell communications. Here, I discuss the most recent data for the dynamic expression of ECM proteins based on transcriptome data during larval oyster development and in adult organs. Using developmental and cell biology approaches along with confocal microscopy, I showed the expression of certain ECM components in the larvae, adult tissues, and cell cultures. A similar methodology is required to understand the molecular mechanisms and dynamic ECM expression in organisms with very complex life cycles, metamorphosis, indirect development via adaptive larvae, and biomineralization during development.
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Research Article
May 30, 2018
Genetic Diversity in Cultured and Wild Population of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in Nigeria ... Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Microsatellite DNA
The population structure and genetic diversities of Clarias gariepinus from the cultured population at Chi Farm (Ajanla) and wild population at Asejire Reservoir (Asejire) were analysed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Microsatellite DNA markers. Using a CTAB protocol, genomic DNA was extracted from the caudal fins of 20 samples of live specimen collected from each population. Seven RAPD primers and seven pairs of microsatellite DNA primers were used to amplify different loci on the extracted genomic DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction and the resultant DNA fragments were analysed on agarose gel. The RAPD primers amplified a total of 474 loci with 697 bands in all samples for the seven primers studied. The cultured population from Chi farm showed a total of 366 bands, while the wild population from Asejire Reservoir displayed 331 bands. The cultured population showed a negative inbreeding coefficient (F) of -0.173 ± 0.209, which statistically suggests excess heterozygosity, while a positive but low inbreeding coefficient of 0.042 ± 0.243 was estimated for the wild population. The Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) for both genetic markers indicated significant difference (p=0.01) between the two populations. The result of the study suggests a loss or on-going loss of genetic variability, which needs conservation intervention in the two populations studied.
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Research Article
May 29, 2018
Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaves, Bark Stem of Lannea barteri and Antibiotic (Oxytetracycline) on ... Haematological Parameters of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Moringa oleifera leaves, Lannea barteri bark and antibiotic additives on haematological parameters of C. gariepinus fingerlings. Moringa and Lannea were subjected to three (3) treatments (whole, aqueous and ethanol). Four hundred and eighty (480) C. gariepinus fingerlings of 4.60 g ± 0.02 g mean weight were acclimated for two weeks and distributed randomly into 24 re-circulatory tanks of 50 litres volume capacity representing 8 experimental diets. The experimental diets comprised the same inclusion levels. A commercial reference diet (CRD) was used as control. Moringa whole (MWL), Moringa aqueous extract (MAE) and Moringa ethanol extract (MEE) represented diet 2, 3 and 4 respectively while Lannea whole (LWL), Lannea aqueous extract (LAE) and Lannea ethanol extract (LEE) representing diet 5, 6 and 7 while diet 8 was antibiotic (ANTB). After feeding trial, the haematological parameters revealed that, white blood cells (WBC) count was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the group of fish fed LWL (247.40 × 103 mm-3), LAE (235.50 × 103 mm-3) and LEE (234.15 × 103 mm-3) based diets and significantly lower (P<0.05) was obtained in group of Antibiotic based diet (1.65 × 103 mm-3). There significant difference (P<0.05) across the red blood cells (RBC) of the initial fishes and experimented fishes were recorded. The Packed Cell Volume (PCV) ranges between LWL (46.05%) and MWL (10.70%). Haemoglobin was significantly lower (P<0.05) in the Initial (4.87 g/dl) and CRD (5.13 g/dl) based diets. The platelets count were significantly different (P<0.05) in all the treatments. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in all mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration in all the treatments. The findings have positive impact on the haematological parameters of C. gariepinus fingerlings compared with antibiotic (ANTB).
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Research Article
Apr 30, 2018
Gillnet Selectivity for Big Eye Barracuda, Sphyraena forsteri (Cuvier, 1829) in Thoothukudi Waters, ... Southeast Coast of India
The present study is the first concerning gillnet selectivity in Thoothukudi waters, Tamil Nadu, India. Selectivity estimates were made for Sphyraena forsteri. Sampling took places at three landing centers in Thoothukudi Coast from the period between April 2012 to March 2013. Samples were collected with gillnets of mesh sizes of 28 mm, 50 mm and 52 mm. Selection factors for S. forsteri is 7.04 whereas the commercial significant length group is 40.42 cm. Optimum size for this species is 5.82 cm.
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Research Article
Apr 27, 2018
Studies on the Biology of Synodontis victoriae in the Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya
Fish samples (401) were collected weekly between May to July 2015 from commercial catches in the Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya. The Fork length (cm FL), weight (g) and sex were determined. A total of 288 (71.8%) were female while 107 (26.7%) were males, sex ratio; 1.0:2.7 (male: female). Size of females ranged from 9.0 cm to 17.6 cm FL, mean (± SD) 13.6 cm ± 1.3 cm FL and weighed between 13.0 g and 99.0 g, mean 47.5 g ± 13.9 g. Length of males ranged from 7.0 cm to 15.6 cm FL, mean 12.8 cm ± 1.3 cm FL and weighed between 7.0 and 62.0 g, mean 36.2 g ± 9.9 g. Sex dimorphism was observed as female fish were significantly larger than males (p<0.05). The length frequency showed a unimodal distribution with modal class at 13 cm FL. Male, female and both sexes showed negative allometric growth pattern (b<3). The fish had a good condition with values equal to 1. The smallest mature male and female fish were 11.2 cm and 11.3 cm FL, respectively. The length at 50% maturity was estimated at 13.0 cm FL for male and 12.0 cm FL for female fish. The study has thus provided baseline information on some aspects of the biology of Synodontis victoriae that are limited in the lake
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Research Article
Apr 26, 2018
Preliminary Study on Construction of Three-in-one Fishpond and Its Effect on Aquaculture in Ethiopi ... a
Sandy nature of soil in Ethiopian rift valley challenged use of earthen ponds for fish culture. This trial was conducted at Algae Agricultural Technical and Vocational Educational Training (ATVET) College in Ethiopian central rift valley to investigate feasibility of fishpond constructed from mixture of local materials named “Three-in-one” and to assess its suitability and capacity for aquaculture. Fishponds were excavated, walls built with three layers; plastic membrane, "Three-in-one" soil and cement pavement. "Three-in-one" is a mixture of clay soil, termite soil and teff straw. Fish growth in the ponds was evaluated under supplement of different sorts of agricultural residues or agricultural by-products. The "Three-in-one" fishpond technology was found to be low cost, simple to construct, able to retain water effectively and has long service life. The fishpond also supported fish growth with good farming performances as 9,250 kg/ha. Use of agricultural residues or agricultural by-products as feed for fish culture in the fishponds effectively reduced the cost of fish farming with feed coefficient 2.4~2.6. The "Three-in-one" fishpond technology and matching feed has to be evaluated and popularized for extension in appropriate sites of Ethiopia.
