Commentary
May 05, 2022
Oyster farming is one of the most popular types of marine aquaculture in the United States. A total of 31 million pounds of oysters were gathered with a dockside value of 135 million. Because it does not account for the ecological value of the fish species that use oyster reefs as a food source and nursery habitat, nor the coastal protection and water-quality services oyster reefs provide, this is likely a poor assessment of the oyster's overall worth. When both the economic and ecological importance of oyster reefs is taken into account, the figure rises into the billions. Oysters are bivalves, which mean they have two shells, one comprised of calcium carbonate released by their mantle tissue and the other protecting their delicate bodies from predators and the environment. The oyster's gills not only "pump" water for oxygen, but they also filter particles from the water for the oyster to consume. The food collected by the gills and labial palps become part of the crystalline style, a mucous thread that is reeled into the stomach. The gut is made up of diffuse tissue that serves as both a digestive and reproductive organ.
Perspective
May 05, 2022
Shrimp farming is a type of aquaculture industry that involves the commercial growth of prawns and marine shrimp for human consumption. This is an idea that goes back to the 1970’s in order to meet the demands of Japan, the United States, and many other Western European countries. By 2003, the shrimp farm sector had grown quickly, producing over 1.6 million tons worth more than USD 9 billion. Asia has the great majority of the world's shrimp farms. 75 percent of farmed shrimp comes from Asiatic nations like Thailand and China, according to estimates. The remaining farms are spread out over other Latin American nations. Brazil, in particular, is known as the region's largest shrimp producer. Because of the quantities generated by countries like India, Vietnam, Ecuador, and Bangladesh, the farmed shrimp account for roughly 55% of global shrimp output.
Perspective
May 04, 2022
Commercial breeding of fish, generally for food, in fish tanks or artificial enclosures such as fish ponds are known as fish farming or pisciculture. It is a form of aquaculture that involves the regulated growing and harvesting of aquatic species such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and other organisms in a natural or artificial environment. A fish hatchery is a facility that releases juvenile fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to augment a species' natural population. Carp, catfish, salmon, and tilapia are the most significant fish species produced in fish farming across the world. Global demand for dietary fish protein is increasing, which results in widespread overfishing in wild fisheries, which has resulted in significant reductions in fish populations and, in some cases, complete depletion in some regions. Fish farming allows the development of artificial fish colonies with adequate feeding, protection from natural predators and competitive threats, access to veterinarian services, and easier harvesting when necessary. All while remaining separate from wild fish populations and thus having little impact on their long-term yields. Fish farming is performed all around the world, but China accounts for 62 percent of all farmed fish. In 2016, aquaculture accounted for more than half of the total seafood output.
Research Article
May 02, 2022
Species composition, abundance and diversity indices of phytoplankton and zooplankton of three ponds in Chittagong University campus were evaluated for two years period from January 2017 to December 2018. A composition of 12 phytoplankton and 33 zooplankton species were recorded in the entire study area. Analysis cane as phytoplankton and Nullius larva, Brach onus febricula, and Cyclops variants rubella’s as zooplankton were the most dominant species in all the ponds. Phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance during the two years study was almost same. Phytoplankton species belonged to four groups (blue-green algae, green algae, desmids and diatoms,) where blue-green algae occupied the highest position in all the ponds, whereas, the zooplankton species belonged to five groups (cladocera, copepoda, rotifera, protozoa, and nematoda), of which rotifera and copepoda occupied the first and second positions in all the ponds. Species richness (S) of phytoplankton was almost the same in both the years but for zooplankton, species richness was found to be much higher in 2017 (S=30) than in 2018 (S=19). The range of Simpson Diversity index (D) of phytoplankton in the three ponds were found to be 1.362-2.879 and 1.362-2.265, whereas, the range of zooplankton in the three ponds were 6.495-10.05 and 5.372-8.826 during 2017 and 2018 respectively. The Shannon Wiener diversity index (H') of phytoplankton in the three ponds were varied from 0.636 to 1.317 and from 0.235 to 0.9981 and that for zooplankton ranged between 2.229-2.506 and 1.847-2.457 in 2017 and 2018 respectively. According to Simpson and Shannon Wiener’s diversity indices of phytoplankton and zooplankton, the highest diversity was found in pond 2 and the lowest in pond 1. The range of species Evenness (E) of phytoplankton in the three ponds varied from 0.2269-0.6042 and 0.2755-0.3235, and that of zooplankton varied from 0.3608-0.5288 and 0.3816-0.5372 during 2017 and 2018 respectively. The species evenness of phytoplankton and zooplankton indicated pollution in pond 1, where the individuals of the community were not equally distributed than the other two ponds. Pond-1 was found to be polluted due to mass use by the local peoples and draining of surrounding run-off, which should be stopped to keep the water quality in good condition.
Commentary
May 02, 2022
Aquaculture is commonly known as fish farming, which can take place in the lakes, ocean, or on land. Aquaculture is the world's fastest-growing seafood industry, and it's on track to exceed all other types of seafood production in the next few years. It has been regarded as a savior and a destroyer of the oceans. The aquaculture technologies have different environmental implications, therefore it's important to know how the fishes are raised. There is some of the most frequent aquaculture methods used which have both pros and cons.
Research Article
Mar 18, 2022
The pattern of food and feeding habits of Channa punctata was studied during April 2021 to August 2021 from Ashihali Beel, a seasonal wetland of Hailakandi district, Assam, India. The food and feeding habits of this freshwater perciformes revealed that Channa punctata is carnivorous in nature and the percentage composition of various food items in stomach content of Channa punctata were insects (61.70%), small fishes (50%), rotifers (55%), crustaceans (51.70%), molluscs (45%), annelids (50%) and miscellaneous plant debris (21.70%).
Opinion
Mar 18, 2022
There are many wonders hidden in the seaweed. They are often known only when they hit the shore. In many parts of the world, many strange objects are washed ashore every day. Some of these may surprise us, while others may be frightening. Thus stranded at a beach in San Diego, USA. The image of the strange-looking devil fish is now flooding social media. The rare fish was found on Black Beach in Torrey Pines. Jay Baylor, a young man, was walking on the beach in the evening when he first saw the scary fish on the shore. At first glance, Jay Bailer thought it was a strange-looking jellyfish. But a closer look revealed that it was a fish never seen before. So Jay Bailer returned home after taking pictures of the fish.
Mini Review
Mar 15, 2022
Potassium is an essential nutrient in aquaponics. This review starts elaborating on the different water potassium concentrations in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS), aquaponics, and hydroponic solutions to later illustrate the importance of potassium homeostasis and its role in fish organs and tissues. The discussion then is divided into potassium imbalances that lead to hyperkalaemia and hypokalaemia, along with its symptoms and consequences. Potential hyperkalaemia in African catfish reared at water potassium concentrations of 600 mg K +L -1 is also debated. This paper concludes with the recommended water potassium concentrations for African catfish in aquaponics.
Research Article
Mar 04, 2022
The participation of the Hypothalamic-Hypophysial Neurosecretory System (HHNS) in the initiation of anadromic fish migration was discovered. It is based on the results of ecological-histophysiological studies, using light microscopy, including immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy with quantitative morphometry. At the beginning of migration, an activation of neurosecretory products synthesis in pericarions of Nonapeptidergic Neurosecretory Cells (NSC) and their transport to neurohypophysis where they accumulate occurs. The excretion of neurosecretory products from pericarions of NSC into the liquor of the III brain ventricle is shown at the same time. We assume that HHNS causes a complex synchronous effect, which first consists of the active neurotropic action of Nonapeptide Neurohormones (NP-Nh) to the behavioral centers of the Central Nervous System (CNS), causing a dominant state of its excitation, designated as a migration impulse. In contrast, the cessation of viscerotropic action of NP-Nh through the general blood flow in neurohypophysis causes both the violation of the longly adapted level of the marine pastured type of osmoregulation, and the interruption of the known anti-gonadotropic action of NP-Nh. And the latter contributes to the transition of the body to the energy-intensive energetically type of metabolism. In subsequent navigation mechanisms, widely covered in world literature, the leading role is played by the gonadoliberinergic forebrain centers.
Research Article
Mar 02, 2022
The present study was conducted in a four-season period, from September 2016 to 2017, in Tonekabon River, northern Iran. A total of 91 brown trout fish were collected from five stations using electrofishing equipment. They composed 40 females, 41 males, and 10 of unknown sex. Their age ranged from 1 to 3 years, and they had a minimum and maximum length of 41 mm and 175 mm, respectively. The preys identified within their gastrointestinal tract included insect larvae of Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Liponeura, Simulium, Hydropsyche, Coleopteran, Trichoptera, flying insect, spawn, Odonata, Oligochaeta, Plecoptera taxonomic groups. The collected fish were classified into three age groups including 1- and <1-year, 2-years, and 3-years old as a scale to define their feeding intensity. The consumption percentage of Hydropsyche and Liponeura was significantly different among three classes. However, there was no significant difference in the consumption intensities of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Simulium. The reproduction season of brown trout fish is within fall. Maximum feeding intensity occurs in spring, whereas minimum feeding takes place within summer and fall seasons. Classes 1 and <1-year-old had higher feeding intensity than other classes (classes 2 and 3 years old). In general, Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Simulium constitute primary preys of the fish, while Liponeura, Hydropsyche, Dipteral, Trichoptera, and Oligochaete, Coleoptera, Oligochaeta, Odonatan, flying insects, and spawn are considered as the subordinate prey for the feeding regimen of brown trout. The highest amount of prey for stations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 included Simolium, Ephemeroptera, Simolium, Simolium and Liponeura, respectively. Station 2 had the highest glutting stomach index, followed by station 1, both of which were located on the Se-Hezar River.
Commentary
Mar 02, 2022
Fish oil contains Omega-3 essential fatty acids and has long been recommended as a healthy supplement to help reduce the chance of a catastrophic cardiovascular event like a heart attack or stroke. It has prompted heart-healthy people to eat more fish or take capsulated fish oil daily. According to a new study, common forms of fish oil may not be as good for the heart as previously thought. As per the studies, a high dose of omega-3 fatty acids did not minimize people's risk of having a significant cardiovascular incident. Almost 6% of patients who took fish oil experienced atrial fibrillation or unstable heartbeats.
Perspective
Mar 02, 2022
In the fermentation process, "fish" refers to any fishery product that has undergone degradative changes due to enzymatic or microbiological activity in the presence or absence of salt. The overall processing steps of fish fermentation are the same all over the world. Proteins are broken down by the action of enzymes, which are sometimes assisted by microorganisms. Depending on the type of fish, paste can be stored at room temperature for one to several months. At this point, various bacterial and natural enzymes begin to solubilize fish proteins. Indeed, different bacterial strains can be isolated during this phase, while fungal and yeast loads tend to decrease throughout fermentation. Fermentation is the process of breaking down proteins in raw fish into simpler molecules that may be stored at room temperature. In some processes where it is controlled by adding salt, only a partial breakdown of the protein occurs, resulting in the production of a desired type of flavour while also ensuring the product's preservation. As a result, the fermentation of fish focuses primarily on the protein fraction and the lipid fatty components of the raw material. These goods go through natural fermentation in saline liquors, with or without de-gutting or deboning. It could help stimulate the immune system, control blood sugar and lower blood pressure too.
Review Article
Feb 07, 2022
Aquaculture plays a crucial role in the global economy as its demand increases over the years. However, infectious diseases pose the greatest challenge to aquaculture as they would cause billions of dollars in economic losses annually. To reduce these impacts, it is necessary to ensure the health of aquaculture with scientifically proven technologies. Advances in science are leading to a new perspective to better understand the nature of infectious diseases and to apply this knowledge to develop novel and effective diagnostic techniques (molecular diagnostics, biosensors, spectroscopy and nanoparticles) and therapeutic agents (vaccines, gene silencing methods, etc.). In this review, we would like to present some current technologies for diagnostic methods, preventive measures and therapeutics to control infectious diseases in aquaculture.
Perspective
Feb 02, 2022
The person who develops skin sores (painful or not) after touching fish or other aquatic creatures during swimming, boating, cleaning fish tanks or aquariums, should seek medical attention; those with a compromised immune system should call their doctor immediately. Consult a doctor about treatment options, such as antibiotics, to ensure that the proper antibiotic is used to treat the specific bacterial cause of the sickness. The etiology of a person's fish handler's disease is diagnosed by cultivating the bacteria from the lesions. The PCR testing is done to identify the genetic material of bacteria or other organisms specific to the bacterial type involved. Some individuals may require long-term antibiotics up to 18 months as well as surgical excision to stop infection. A patient with Fishhandler's disease may occasionally require IV antibiotics.
Research Article
Feb 02, 2022
This study aimed to asses’ water quality parameters of Guder River for aquaculture uses. In this study the part of this river was demarcated into three streams (upper, middle and down). Five sites were selected from each stream. The water sample was collected at the depth of 10-15 cm in dry and rainy seasons into plastic bottles from each site of three streams for laboratorial analysis. The water sample was immediately analyzed by using titration method for water oxygen were taken onsite by direct measurements. Nitrite and ammonia were determined by using easy test kit. The result showed that alkalinity was high (66.3 ± ± ± ± of chloride was measured at downstream. pH value was ranged between 5.89-7.33 and the water temperature 23.4°C-26.2°C The result showed that concentration of free carbon dioxide was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by site but there was no significant difference in the values of alkalinity and chloride in all the streams (P>0.05). Generally, even though concentration of studied parameter varies within different streams along the river basins they are within the range of fish production.
