Research Article
Oct 30, 2023
A few samples were collected from the three different regions of the selected experimental water body i.e., Shahpura Lake, India. These sites are classified as S1-inlet; S2-centre region and S3-outlet region of the water body, from all these sites, samples were collected during the three different seasons viz., summer, monsoon and winter by using the appropriate methodology to assessed the water parameters like pH, TDS, and conductivity of the lake. In the current study researcher also focused on some selected heavy metals such Pb, Cd, Mn and Cu from the different sampling sites. Here we got the highly significant results (P<0.001) from all the regions of the water body. Due to this, from the present experimental study we came to a conclusion that due to the increased concentration of these heavy metals leads to the sever toxicity in the aquatic fauna of the Lake which directly leads to the various hazardous impact on the human population through the various anthropogenic hindrances in the food chain of the humans. Various minimizing measures were also initiated by the concern authorities to overcome this toxicity up to some extent.
Research Article
Oct 04, 2023
This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and profitability of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed a diet containing Mucuna Seed Meal (MSM). Fingerlings (300) weighing 6.58 ± 1.42 g were randomly stocked in triplicate in 12 hapas (0.5 m × 0.5 m × 1 m) and fed for 56 days on four isoprotein diets at a feeding rate of 10-4%. The first triplicate was fed the control diet (D0) containing 0% MSM, while the other three were fed the experimental diets D30, D40 and D50 in which processed MSM was included at 30%, 40% and 50%. Control fisheries were performed bi-weekly for total counting and taken measurements. The results obtained indicate that growth performance and body composition of fish fed the experimental diets were significantly improved depending to the inclusion level compared to control diet. Diet D50 induced a Weight Gain (WG) of 93. 89 ± 0.17 g, a Specific Growth Rate (SGR) of 4.87 ± 0.01%/day, and a Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of 0. 97 ± 0. 02; with significant variations of 26.22 ± 1.15%, 10.27 ± 0.56%, and 24.23 ± 1.30% respectively compared to WG (69.28 ± 0.97 g), SGR (4.36 ± 0.02%/day), and FCR (1.28 ± 0.01) obtained with diet D0. In addition, the whole body composition of pre-adult fish produced with diet D50 was significantly different compared to D0, with nutrient retention (protein=53.92 ± 0.12%, lipid=32.85 ± 0.14%, ash=40.29 ± 0.17 and energy=31.50 ± 0.13%) significantly higher compared to D0 (protein=34.38 ± 0.04%, lipid=29.95 ± 0.01%, ash=29.56 ± 1.86% and energy=21.57 ± 0.11%). Fish fed diet D50 also produced a net return of 12,648.02 XAF, 21.38% higher than the control (9,943.23 XAF). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 50% MSM gave the best results in terms of fish somatic growth and cost-benefit analysis.
Research Article
May 16, 2023
A cross-sectional study was conducted in different Lakes of South Wollo Zone of the Eastern Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia, from November 2018 to April 2019, with the aim of determining the prevalence and identifying the species of internal and external parasites from fresh water fish. A total of 506 Oreochromis niloticus and 215 Cyprinus carpio fish (n=721) were collected and examined for the presence of fish helminthes parasites. The prevalence of parasites in Lake Luggo, Ardibo, Golbo and Maibar were found to be 49.4%, 41.7%, 46.7% and 36.0% respectively. The overall prevalence of parasites of both fish species was 45.1%. The prevalence of parasites in O. niloticus was found to be 42.3% and that of Cyprinus carpio was 51.6%. There was statistical significant difference (X2=5.311, p= 0.021) between the two fish species in the overall prevalence of the parasite infestations. However, the difference in prevalence of parasites among study site was not statistically significant X2=3.263, p=0.064). In this study, five parasites namely Contracecum spp and Camallanus spp. (nematoda), Clinostomum spp., Diplostomum spp. (eye fluck) and Posthodiplostomum spp. (Black spot), (trematoda) were recovered with a prevalence of 29.4% (n=212), 13.2% (n=93), 25.3% (n=183), 2.5% (n=18), and 14.8% (n=107) with the overall prevalence of 45.1% (n=325) respectively. There was a statistically highly significant difference (X2=126.504, p=0.000) in the prevalence and distribution of parasite between the study area. No significant variations (P>0.05) in prevalence of helminthes parasite were noticed in relation to sex and study sites of fishes, but in case of age significant variation was observed (p<0.05) except in which prevalence was observed to significantly increase when age is decreased. Among the parasites recovered Clinostomum spp. and Contracaecum spp. have been reported to be zoonotic and therefore, more research is required to characterize them and determine their zoonotic importance. Meanwhile, the present study revealed that helminthes parasites are among the major health constrains of fishes in the aforementioned water bodies, demanding an urgent control Intervention.
Review Article
Apr 26, 2023
Dhanusha is one of the leading fish producing districts in Nepal and the fish farming is increasing in the district to establish the district as a ‘fisheries center’. However, with the increasing fish farming and intensity, a number of diseases find their way to the farm which may hinder the progress of fish farming. Present study was carried out in CFPCC21/22 to assess the fish farming practices and the diseaseoccurrence in fish farms of Dhanusha district. Questionnaire based personal interviews were conducted with 64 fish farmers selected from all over the district using simple random sampling. Majority of therespondents were males (89.1%), in the active age group of 30-50 years (71.9%), with average experience of more than 15 years (39%) in fish farming. The widely adopted farming system was carp polyculture, however, some of the farmers also culture other species like Pangas, African catfish, Rupchand,Puntius etc. Only earthen ponds were common with water depths of 5 ft-7 ft (54.7%). Majority of the respondents relied on private hatcheries (34.4%) for fish seeds and the most common stocking size was fingerlings (42.2%) and fry (29.7%). The major source of information and technical support for the farmers were successful farmers (82.8%) and government offices (73.4%). Approximately 65.6% of thefarmers had received trainings on fish production and disease management. The most common feed materials were mustard oil cake (100%); rice bran (96.9%) and commercial pellet feed (54.7%). Cattle dung (87.5%); poultry manure (28.1%) and urea/DAP (95.3%) were the major fertilizers used by the farmers. The most prevalent fish disease was argulosis (96.9%), Lernaea (90.6%) and EUS (85.9%), but asphyxiation (82.8%) caused the reportedly highest mortality of 346.1 ± 305.5 kg/ha. Similarly, the most susceptible species to disease was naini (65.6%) followed by silver carp (49.0%) and bighead carp (34.0%), while the least infected species was grass carp (0.8%). Winter (70.3%) was reported to be the main season for the occurrence of fish diseases in Dhanusha district. The average B/C ratio in pond aquaculture in the study area was 1.36.
Review Article
Mar 31, 2023
For hundreds of people worldwide, fishing and aquaculture continue to be vital sources of food, nutrition, revenue, and livelihoods. The development of innovative culture techniques and the enhancement of culture systems for the blue revolution are products of the expansion of the fisheries and aquaculture industries. Integrated Multi- Trophic Aquaculture is one such system (IMTA). Using water-borne nutrients and energy transfer, IMTA is an intense and synergistic cultivation of numerous species inhabiting different trophic levels of the water column. One species' waste becomes a valuable resource for another aquatic species. By turning leftovers and uneaten feed from fed organisms into harvestable crops, IMTA encourages economic viability and increases ecological sustainability. Also, it has been the subject of several initiatives in numerous nations. This article is a brief description of the IMTA, its design, and relevance to sustainability. Furthermore, with a final conclusion, a later section will discuss its specific benefits and projects implemented around the world.
Research Article
Jan 31, 2023
This study was conducted to assess current status of fishermen cooperatives in selected Oromia water bodies, Ethiopia that was aimed to update the information which will be used infisheries management in major lakes and reservoirs. Both primary and secondary data sources were used to conduct the study. The primary data was collected from the fishermen organized at Lakes Zeway, Langano and Beseka and reservoirs Koka, Fincha and Gilgel-gibe. Papers were reviewed literatures and different secondary information source to conduct thisstudy. The study included fishermen’s sociodemographic, educational status, fishing experience, purpose of fishing, season of fishing, fishing activities, fishing boat, fishing gears, saving practices and women participation. Data was analyzed using STATA version 14. A total of 154 fishermen (98.05% male), and 18 fishermen cooperatives operating on the selected lakes and reservoirs were interviewed during the survey. The livelihoods of majority offishermen’s were fishing activities and some of them depend on mixingfarming systems including crop production, livestock and petty trade. Among the respondent fishers, 88 (57.14) were involved in fishing activities year round. The majority of fishermen in selected water bodies responded that average fish catch per day was less than 10 kg. The main commercial fish species in Zeway, Koka, Langano water bodies were Nile Tilapia, African catfish, common carp and crucian carp and whereas in case Fincha and Gilgel-gibe, Nile tilapia and commoncarp fish species and African catfish in lake Beseka. The Tobit model was employed with household participation in saving as the dependent variable and theresults shown that family size of household, access offishing equipment, number of livestock unit, access ofcredit service and annual income of household from farming are significant determinants of saving decision of households. Based on these findings, we recommend that government policy intervention should focus on awareness creation and education on lakes and reservoir managements, increasing the availability and accessibility ofcredit services for fishermen, strengthen fishermen through providing fishing equipment's, increasing fishermen income through income source diversification and awareness creation for fishermen on how to improve saving practice.
Research Article
Jan 31, 2023
Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) is an important fish in the ecology of tropical waters as well as aquatic systems in other subtropical regions. It is the most commercially important and preferred fish species in Ethiopia. It is also a candidate fish for aquaculture. In recent years, the fish community structure and ecosystem dynamics of the Lake Ziway have changed, but no studies have been carried out to assess whether the fishes have altered their diets in the lake. Indeed the food of Nile tilapia with respect to size was conducted from April to August 2017 in Lake Ziway, Ethiopia.A total of 365 Nile tilapia specimens (170 adults and 195 juveniles) were collected ranging from 2.5 to 30 cm TL and 0.5 to 459.7 g TW. Guts of 165 (85%) juveniles and 115 (73.5%) adults’ contained food items. Specimens that contained food items in their stomachs were analyzed using frequency of occurrence, volumetric methods and Schoener’s index. Nile tilapia originally known to be phytoplanktivorous has shifted to omnivorous feeding mainly on macrophytes. Volumetrically, the major diets of juveniles were zooplankton (33.79%), phytoplankton (25.44%), insect (18.69%) and detritus (14.02%) while the diet of adults were mainly macrophytes (36.2%) followed by phytoplankton (34.36%) and detritus (18.41%). Adult Nile tilapia which was a phytoplanktivorous has now shifted to macrophytes even though phytoplankton is the second dominant food item while juvenile mainly depends on zooplankton and insect larvae. Ontogenetic diet shift was observed in the present study demonstrating juveniles mainly feeding on animal based food items whereas adults depend on plant origin.
Research Article
Dec 01, 2022
Water quality and the environment greatly influence the existence and proliferation of parasites in the water and consequently, fish. This can have profound implications on aquaculture within the water bodies. Few studies have been conducted on parasite aggregations about the water quality in small water bodies in Kenya. This study assessed the suitability of selected Small Water Bodies (SWBs) for aquaculture as regards fish parasites by assessing the relationship between the occurrence and prevalence of parasites to water quality, water depth, land use, and shoreline habitat type. Standard protocols and procedures were used in the collection, analysis of water quality, and assessment of fish specimens for parasitology. White spot disease, (a parasite with economic significance) was in 4 of the 6 SWBs studied and had varying prevalence rates ranging between 10% to 20%. Clinostomum, a zoonotic parasite was also recorded in one of the SWBs sampled in this study. Additionally, the study recorded some significant differences in the water quality from the various selected SWBs (p˂0.05), which could be a pointer to the noted diversities in the parasite communities. The findings of this study indicated that there was a strong positive correlation (r2>0.8) between some parasites (Ichthyopthirius multifiliis, Clinostomum spp., Procamallanus, and Camallanus) and some water quality parameters (temperature, turbidity, soluble reactive phosphorous, total phosphorous, and silicates). In light of the increase in focus on fisheries and aquaculture as key drivers of the blue economy and food and nutrition security, and as the country explores new frontiers for investment in aquaculture in SWBs, the water quality and consequent habitat features such as depth and land use, need to be addressed before investment.
Research Article
Nov 25, 2022
Fish sperm motility nowadays is considered as the best biomarker for the quality of fish spermatozoa, and sperm motion parameters from more than 300 fish species have been reported in more than 1500 scientific articles covering a wide range of topics, from molecular biology to ecology. The present study was conducted to evaluate two lab prepared activation media (A, B) and control (distilled water) on the milt quality in male and fertilization rate in female American channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Brooders were developed from locally bred catfish seed and selected on the basis of maturity atAquaculture and Fisheries Program, National Agriculture Research Center (NARC), Islamabad Pakistan. The experiment used a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates for each of the three treatments: media A, B, and Control (distilled water). As millions of spermsare present in per micro liter of sperm therefore, for more effective use of sperm or milt, different types of activation or dilution media were used. After collection of milt itwas diluted with the above corresponding activation media in ratio of 1:29 followed by in-vitro analysis for various parameters including sperm mobility, sperm mobility duration and sperm viability. Fertilization rates was checked by using same diluted milt aliquots and the results revealed that the components were significantly different (p<0.05) in the prescribed conducts. The sperm/egg aliquot treated with medium "B" had the highest mobility/motility and fertilization rates (81.66% ± 2.88 to 85.33% ± 2.08), followed by media "A" (73.33% ± 2.80to 71.66% ± 2.08), and control (68.33% ± 2.8 to 67.33% ± 2.08). Sperm viabilityand concentration in A, B, and C, or thecontrol, were likewise substantially different (p<0.05) from one another. The media “B” had the greatest values (61.66% ± 2.53 to 2.50% ± 0.14), followed by "A" (57.33% ± 2.51 to 2.37% ± 0.76), and "Control" (48.33% ± 1.15 to 1.93% ± 0.45). The length of the sperm mobilityduration varied considerably (p<0.05) across all treatments. It was measured in seconds and was 320sec ± 34.64 for the control, 570sec ± 43.58 for media "B" alone, and 471sec ± 10.14 for media "A" with means and standard deviations.
Review Article
Nov 21, 2022
Indonesia is a country that has very abundant maritime resources that can improve the country's economy. However, this will be a boomerang for Indonesia if it is not accompanied by sustainable resource management. These resources will be exhausted and lost if they are continuously utilized without good management. Blue economy is a concept model of optimizing resources in the waters by utilizing environmentally sound which aims to increase economic growth through various creative and innovative activities. The purpose of this paper is to review the application of the blue economy in Indonesia both in terms of advantages and disadvantages. In supporting blue economy activities, the Indonesian government has implemented four strategies, including improving marine and coastal management systems, because it regulates mangrove restoration, marine spatial planning, and fishing limits. The shift to the blue economy is also expected to be a model for the development of a sustainable marine-based industry and will certainly reduce economic dependence on the extractive sector.
Review Article
Sep 30, 2022
Incidences of white feces syndrome was reported in reared farms of Penaeus vannamei during January 2022 in many shrimp farms of Razole, East Godavari, and Andhra Pradesh, India. This was commonly observed in 30-50 DOC (days of culture). A total nine types of water quality parameters were taken to observe how this parameter enhances the White feces syndrome. The early indication of white feces syndrome is identified by white fecal strings is floating on the surface of the water. In severely affected shrimp hepatopancreas and gut becomes white and pale yellow in color. In this study recommendations were made on how to control White feces syndrome by using Probiotics and natural remedies.
Research Article
Sep 30, 2022
Fisheries sector has an important role in Indian economy, as it provide more than 2.8 cores job directly or indirectly to the primary level fishers and fish farmers. Globally the aquaculture production raised by triple in weight which was 34 MT to 112 MT from 1997 to 2017. In India this sector contributing 7.8% of agriculture’s GDP. In Chhattisgarh about 2.20 lakh of persons are employed in fisheries sector and most of them are belongs to the under privileged section of society. Fish production in Chhattisgarh has increased by the average of 315% from the base year 2007-08 to current year 2020-21. The study was conducted in the Mungeli district of Chhattisgarh. Mungeli and Pathariya blocks were selected for the study. Based on the performance, 4 SHG’s and 4 Fishermen cooperative groups were identified and total of 40 and 112 respondents were interviewed by pre-tested questionnaire respectively. It was found that the total cost incurred by SHG’s and Fishermen cooperative groups per hectare was Rs. 47658.73 and Rs. 60354.00 respectively. The average production of fish was found to be 18.15 and 27.90 quintals with a net return of Rs. 151991.27 and Rs. 260496.00 per hectare, having a B:C ratio of 1:3.18 and 1:4.31 in SHG’s and Fishermen cooperative groups respectively.
Review Article
Sep 27, 2022
Plant sources of protein are the most appropriate alternative for Fish Meal (FM) for preparation of fish diet. Therefore, plant protein is the lower price, greater availability and improved consistency of composition. Compared to fish meal, they vary in their nutrition and biological values and lower palatability. In order to improve nutritional quality of plant protein sources by using processing technologies such as Solid state fermentation has been considered for the production of enzymes, antibiotics, extrusion cooking, other value-added products to produce high quality aquatic feeds. Besides that, biotechnology to get better safety, freshness, color, flavor, texture, taste, nutritional characteristics and shelf-life of cultured food products. In addition, mixed feeding from plant protein source in which high protein diet is alternated by a low protein diet could result in improved nutrient utilization. Thus, to take practical and possible measure in order to enhance nutritional quality of plant protein sources by using extrusion cooking processing, genetically modified, biotechnology, feed additives, nano-particles and solid state fermentation technologies. Hence, the issue of cheaper sources of plant protein feed ingredients would be requisite to fully replace fish meal for the improvement and sustainable of fishery industry in developing countries.
Research Article
Sep 16, 2022
The African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is the most important catfish species for aquaculture. It has a great capacity to endure several stressing factors, such as adverse environmental conditions, besides having broad feeding flexibility. Notwithstanding, the presence of this alien fish species in the Guapimirim Environmental Protection Area, in southeast Brazil, may have negative impacts on the community of native fish. In 2018, during dry and rainy seasons, samples from the fish community were collected in 32 sites of the Guapi-Macacu River, in addition to abiotic variables (salinity, pH, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and transparency) to diagnose which factors influence the distribution of the alien fish along the river. Moreover, species were evaluated as bio indicators in the ichthyofauna to identify potential alterations in the community. Multivariate analyses indicated that the African sharptooth catfish dominates the buffer zone of the environmental protection area, benefiting from higher levels of dissolved oxygen and temperature. However, C. gariepinus still does not dominate the most protected area of Guapimirim, where a higher percentage of native fish species dwell. Alterations in abiotic factors, related to the increase in the temperature, can significantly contribute to the dominance of this invasive alien fish in this protected area, requiring constant monitoring of some key species, as well as the population of the invasive species in this environmental preservation area.
Opinion
May 09, 2022
The construction and maintenance of "enabling environments," particularly those aimed at ensuring continued human resource development and capacity building, are required for the promotion of sustainable aquaculture growth. The FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries includes concepts and rules that sustainably assist the development of aquaculture. The code recognizes the special requirements of developing countries, and article 5 of the code specifically addresses these needs, particularly in the areas of financial and technical aid, technology transfer, training, and scientific collaboration. Ecological aquaculture, organic aquaculture, composite fish culture, integrated aquaculture, and closed recirculatory systems are some of the options for long-term aquaculture development.
